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目的研究德宏州狂犬病自然疫源地性质、结构、范围、流行特征及态势,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法统计分析动物和人间狂犬病例发生时间、空间、人间分布特征,以及伤口处理、疫苗接种、犬类管理及疫情应急处理等防治措施。结果全州4年中犬伤14093人,在18个乡镇40个自然村发现流浪病犬45条,确诊狂犬病17例,病原体为狂犬病毒Ⅰ型;动物和人间病例全年散在发生;农民多发;发病年龄4～76岁;潜伏期平均80.5天;具有狂犬病的特有症状;病程平均4天;传染源均为家养犬类,多因被犬伤后未采取预防措施而发病。结论德宏州是狂犬病自然疫源地,宿主是家犬,通过犬伤人造成传播,人群普遍易感,与东南亚国家同属一块狂犬病自然疫源地。发生狂犬病流行因素普遍存在,疫情态势严峻。要建立可持续控制狂犬病的运行机制,强化宣传、监测、免疫、管理等预防措施,多部门协作做好防制工作。
Objective To study the nature, structure, range, epidemic characteristics and situation of rabies natural disasters in Dehong Prefecture and provide a scientific basis for making prevention and cure strategies. Methods Statistical analysis of animal rabies cases and human occurrence time, space, distribution characteristics of the human world, as well as wound management, vaccination, dog management and epidemic outbreaks and other prevention and treatment measures. Results Four hundred and ninety-nine dogs were injured in the state in four years. There were 45 dogs found in 40 villages in 18 villages and towns, 17 cases of rabies were diagnosed, and the pathogen was rabies virus type Ⅰ. Cases of animals and humans scattered throughout the year, 4 to 76 years old; average incubation period of 80.5 days; with the unique symptoms of rabies; duration of an average of 4 days; source of infection are domestic dogs, mostly due to dogs were injured after taking preventive measures. Conclusion Dehong prefecture is a natural foci of rabies. The host is a domestic dog. It spreads through the wounding of dogs. The population is generally susceptible. It belongs to the same natural source of rabies as the Southeast Asian countries. The prevalence of rabies epidemic prevalence of epidemic situation is grim. To establish a sustainable operation mechanism of rabies control, strengthen the propaganda, monitoring, immunization, management and other preventive measures, multi-sectoral coordination and prevention work.