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20世纪50年代初期为了限制人口的自由流动,户籍是粮食、工作机会、医疗、住房、养老等福利措施的分配依据。在城乡二元结构的社会背景之下,不同类型和区域的户籍所包含的劳动机会和福利措施存在较大差异,从而直接损害了公民的劳动权、社会保障权和受教育权。我国作为《经济、社会及文化权利国际公约》和《儿童权利公约》的缔约国,应当在立法上积极纳入或转化公约的禁止歧视原则,将户籍歧视列为构成歧视的法定事由,建立户籍歧视的民事法律责任制度,为公民提供民事救济途径,在法律层面明确政府内部的给付责任分担机制,剥离户籍的公共资源分配职能。
In the early 1950s, in order to limit the free flow of population, household registration was the basis for the distribution of welfare measures such as food, job opportunities, medical care, housing and pension. Under the social background of the dual structure of urban and rural areas, there are great differences in labor opportunities and welfare measures contained in household registrations of different types and regions, thus directly undermining the citizens’ right to work, social security and education. As a State party to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, our country should actively incorporate or transform the principle of non-discrimination in the convention into legislation that defines discrimination on the basis of household registration as the legal cause that constitutes discrimination and establishes the Civil legal responsibility system, to provide citizens with civil remedies, to clarify the government within the responsibility to pay the sharing mechanism, stripping household public resource allocation functions.