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(一)概说病毒性肝炎是由肝炎病毒所引起的以肝细胞变性坏死为主的炎症性疾病,分为甲、乙及非甲非乙三型。甲型肝炎多见于儿童,在卫生条件差的环境容易引起流行。据报告,一次感染后可获得终生免疫。乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的致病机理颇为复杂,尚未完全明了。现今认为各类型乙型肝炎的肝细胞损害不是 HBV 在肝细胞内增殖而直接损害肝细胞的结果,很可能是通过一系列的免疫反应而引起的。进入血液循环内的 HB V能刺激机体免疫系统产生体液免疫和细胞免疫反应。另方面因病毒感染诱导针对肝细胞表面脂蛋白抗原产生自身免疫反应。Ⅳ型变态反应和 K 细胞参与的免疫反应被认为是造成肝细胞损害的主要原因。而对肝外组织如关
(A) Overview Viral hepatitis is caused by the hepatitis virus to liver cell degeneration and necrosis based inflammatory diseases, divided into A, B and non-A non-B type. Hepatitis A is more common in children and is more likely to cause epidemics in a less hygienic environment. Life-long immunity is reported after one infection. The pathogenesis of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is rather complex and not yet fully understood. Now that all types of hepatitis B liver cell damage is not HBV in liver cells proliferate directly damage the results of liver cells, it is likely caused by a series of immune reactions. Into the blood circulation of HB V can stimulate the body’s immune system to produce humoral and cellular immune responses. On the other hand due to viral infection induced liver cell surface lipoprotein antigens autoimmune response. Type IV anaphylaxis and K cells involved in the immune response is considered to be the main cause of liver cell damage. The extrahepatic tissue such as off