人类白细胞抗原(Humail leuko-cyte antigen,HLA)广泛存在于各种有核细胞的细胞膜上,以淋巴细胞浓度最高,其次为脾、皮肤、肺、肝、肾、心脏以及胎盘、羊水细胞、精细胞等;除红细胞不含或含量极低外,其它血细胞均含HLA;人的血清、初乳、尿液中也有可溶性 HLA;脑组织中不存在或含量极微。开始,人们为了提高临床移植效果而发现HLA,深入研究证明它具有更广泛的意义。近年来,HLA 与疾病的关联尤为人们所注目,发现许多自身免疫病和某些原 Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is widely found on the cell membrane of various nucleated cells, with the highest concentration of lymphocytes, followed by the spleen, skin, lung, liver, kidney, heart and placenta, amniotic fluid cells, Cells, etc .; In addition to red blood cells or low content, other blood cells contain HLA; human serum, colostrum, urine also have soluble HLA; brain tissue is not present or content is minimal. In the beginning, people found HLA in order to improve the effect of clinical transplantation, and further studies have proved that it has a broader meaning. In recent years, the association between HLA and diseases is especially noticeable, and many autoimmune diseases and some of the original