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麻疯树是一种抗旱、耐贫瘠的多用途速生树种,是生产生物能源、农药和医药的主要原料。目前,麻疯树生物资源已受到国家高度关注,得到了大力发展。对我国麻疯树的相关研究成果进行总结和展望,可以为综合开发利用能源植物提供参考。方法:笔者从以下三方面总结并分析了我国麻疯树的研究进展及开发利用现状,1)麻疯树资源在中国发展的基本概况,包括生长习性、资源分布状况和研究历史等;2)基础研究现状,包括生物学特征、生殖生态学特征、种子生物学特征、良种选育以及栽培生理生态等;3)栽培技术研究,包括适生区区划、良种壮苗繁育、营造林技术和主要病虫害。指出了目前我国麻疯树研究与开发过程中存在的问题,探讨了麻疯树的开发利用前景,并提出了相关的建议。
Jatropha curcas is a multi-purpose, fast-growing, drought-resistant and barren-resistant tree species that is the main source of bioenergy, pesticides and pharmaceuticals. At present, the Jatropha biological resources have been highly concerned by the country, has been vigorously developed. The summary and prospect of related research results of Jatropha curcas in China can provide reference for comprehensive development and utilization of energy plants. Methods: The author summarizes and analyzes the research progress and current situation of development and utilization of Jatropha curcas from the following three aspects: 1) The basic general situation of Jatropha curcas resources development in China, including growth habit, resource distribution and research history; 2) The basic research status, including biological characteristics, reproductive ecology, seed biological characteristics, seed selection and physiological and ecological cultivation; 3) Cultivation techniques, including the division of suitable area, seedling breeding, afforestation technology and the main Pests and diseases. The existing problems in the research and development of Jatropha curcas in China are pointed out. The prospects for the development and utilization of Jatropha curcas are discussed. Relevant suggestions are put forward.