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目的探讨基于学校环境的学生超重肥胖综合干预效果,为预防和控制中小学生超重肥胖提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取重庆市主城区12所中小学9 933名学生,随机分为6所干预校和6所对照校,对干预校采取学校环境政策干预、健康教育、体育活动指导结合的综合干预,干预前后进行体格检查和问卷调查。结果干预后干预校超重率在原有基础上(12.9%)上升了0.2%,肥胖率(7.4%)未变化;对照校超重率、肥胖率分别在原有基础上(11.5%、7.7%)上升了0.5%、0.1%。干预前两组学校正常体重的学生在干预后BMI、腰围、臀围均升高(P<0.05),干预校超重肥胖的学生在干预后BMI、腰围均下降(P<0.05),对照校超重肥胖的学生在干预后臀围升高、腰围降低(P<0.05);干预校学生在干预后肥胖相关饮食问题正确率上升,不健康饮食行为报告率下降(P<0.05)。结论基于学校环境的学生超重肥胖综合干预能控制肥胖相关指标的增长速度,改善中小学生的饮食行为。
Objective To explore the comprehensive intervention effect of overweight and obesity based on school environment, and to provide basis for preventing and controlling overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students. Methods A total of 9 933 students from 12 primary and secondary schools in the main urban area of Chongqing were collected by multistage stratified cluster sampling method and divided into 6 intervention schools and 6 control schools randomly. School interventions, health education, physical education Activities combined with comprehensive intervention guidance, physical examination and questionnaire before and after intervention. Results The rate of overweight in intervention school increased by 0.2% and the obesity rate (7.4%) did not change on the basis of the original (12.9%) after intervention. The rates of overweight and obesity in control school increased by 11.5% and 7.7% respectively 0.5%, 0.1%. Before intervention, BMI, waist circumference and hip circumference of the two groups were all increased after intervention (P <0.05). The BMI and waist circumference of the overweight and obesity intervention group were decreased after intervention (P <0.05) After intervention, obese students had higher buttocks and lower waist circumference (P <0.05). The correct rate of obesity-related diet increased and the rate of unhealthy diet decreased after intervention (P <0.05). Conclusion The comprehensive intervention of overweight and obesity based on school environment can control the growth rate of obesity related indicators and improve the dietary behaviors of primary and secondary school students.