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目的调查分析石家庄地区正畸患者恒牙先天缺失的发病率及特征。方法对河北医科大学口腔医院正畸科2010~2012年正畸患者中3274名有效病例的病历资料进行回顾分析。通过观察其全颌曲面断层片,分析恒牙先天缺失的发病率及分布差异。结果除第三磨牙外恒牙先天缺失的发病率为9.13,性别间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。个别缺牙例数(缺牙数<6)占总缺牙例数的95,其中缺失1~2颗牙的例数占总缺牙例数的88.6;多数缺牙例数(缺牙数≥6)占总缺牙例数的5。前、后牙区的缺牙发病情况在缺失1~2颗牙时,主要发生在前牙区,缺失2颗以上时,后牙区的缺失发病率高于前牙区(P<0.05);下颌缺牙发病率高于上颌(P<0.05)。缺牙频率最高的是下颌侧切牙(25.3),其次是下颌第二前磨牙(18.3)。结论石家庄地区正畸患者恒牙先天缺失(不包括第三磨牙)发病率为9.13,。其中以缺失1~2颗牙最常见,恒牙先天缺失更多的发生在前牙区及下颌,最常见的缺失牙位是下颌侧切牙和下颌第二前磨牙。
Objective To investigate the incidence and characteristics of congenital absence of permanent teeth in orthodontic patients in Shijiazhuang area. Methods The data of 3274 valid cases in Orthodontics Department of Stomatology Hospital of Hebei Medical University from 2010 to 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. By observing its total jaw curved surface, the incidence and distribution of congenital absence of permanent teeth were analyzed. Results The incidence of congenital tooth loss was 9.13 in addition to the third molars. There was no significant difference between sexes (P> 0.05). The number of individual cases of missing teeth (number of missing teeth <6) accounted for 95 cases of the total number of cases of missing teeth, of which 1 to 2 cases of missing teeth accounted for 88.6 cases of the total number of cases; the majority of cases of missing teeth 6) 5 of the total number of missing teeth. The incidence of missing teeth in the anterior and posterior teeth areas mainly occurred in the anterior teeth area when there were 1 or 2 teeth missing. The incidence of the deletion in the posterior teeth area was higher than that in the anterior teeth area (P <0.05). The incidence of mandibular missing teeth was higher than that of the maxilla (P <0.05). The highest frequency of missing teeth is the mandibular lateral incisor (25.3), followed by the second mandibular premolar (18.3). Conclusion The incidence of congenital absence of permanent tooth (excluding the third molars) in orthodontic patients in Shijiazhuang is 9.13. Among them, 1 or 2 teeth were the most common and the congenital defects of permanent teeth occurred in anterior teeth area and mandible. The most common missing teeth were mandibular lateral incisor and mandibular second premolar.