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单孔及多孔方团涵洞和方涵是水工建筑物坝下埋管、电站尾水、闸涵、明流隧洞以及矿山、铁路工程中常采用的结构形式。本文将涵洞的拱、侧墙(或顶板)、底板(弹性地基梁)分别视为一维单元,应用杆系统有限元法的概念,进行内力分析。外荷载除考虑常见的对称均布荷载,三角形荷载外,还可计入反对称的均布荷载和三角形荷载(如地震力)。计算步骤清晰,易于理解。经与其它方法和已成工程成果比较,甚为吻合。由于此法应用电子计算机予以实现,所以使用简便,成果可靠。
The single-hole and multi-hole group culverts and culverts are the structural forms commonly used in buried pipes of hydropower structures, tailings of power stations, gate culverts, Mingliu tunnels and mines and railway projects. In this paper, the culvert arch, the side wall (or the roof) and the floor (the elastic foundation beam) are respectively considered as a one-dimensional element. The concept of the finite element method of the rod system is used to analyze the internal force. In addition to considering the common load outside the symmetrical uniform load, triangular load, but also can be included in the anti-symmetrical uniform load and triangular load (such as seismic force). Calculation steps are clear and easy to understand. Compared with other methods and achievements have been made, is very consistent. Since this method is implemented using a computer, it is easy to use and reliable.