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通过序列特异性核酸酶(SSNs)对植物基因组进行定点编辑是一个基因功能验证和作物性状遗传改良的有效工具。近年来基于CRISPR/Cas系统的基因组编辑技术成为SSNs又一强有力的工具,该技术发展迅速并得到广泛应用,已经改变了作物生物技术研究现状。该系统通过合成单一引导的RNA(sgRNA)来指导Cas9核酸酶去剪切靶标DNA序列,完成基因组的定点编辑。与以前的SSNs相比,CRISPR技术更加简单实用,而且花费相对更低。为了更好地利用该技术在作物中开展相关的研究,本综述中我们详细介绍了CRISPR/Cas系统的基本结构特征和分子作用机制,总结和探讨了该技术在农作物基因组研究中的应用,并对基因组编辑技术在农业基因工程上的应用进行了展望。
Site-directed editing of plant genomes by sequence-specific nucleases (SSNs) is an effective tool for gene function validation and genetic improvement of crop properties. In recent years, genome editing based on the CRISPR / Cas system has become another powerful tool for SSNs. The rapid development and widespread application of this technology have changed the status quo of crop biotechnology research. The system directs the Cas9 nuclease to cleave the target DNA sequence by synthesizing a single guide RNA (sgRNA) to complete site-directed editing of the genome. Compared with the previous SSNs, CRISPR technology is more simple and practical, and the cost is relatively lower. In order to make better use of this technology in crop research, we describe the basic structural features and molecular mechanisms of CRISPR / Cas system in detail in this review, and summarize and discuss the application of this technology in crop genomics research. The application of genome editing technology in agricultural genetic engineering is prospected.