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治理和控制外来物种互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)对维护崇明东滩自然保护区生物多样性具有重要的意义和必要性。研究在上海崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区建立的受损滩涂湿地生态修复示范样地中开展“刈割与水位调节集成技术”治理互花米草的物理控制实验,以期寻求有效治理互花米草的控制技术。示范研究结果表明,单一的水位调节方法虽然可以降低互花米草群落的密度和叶面积指数(LAI),但至水淹处理100d后,处理样区内互花米草的生长和生物量已与对照区无显著差异。单一的水位调节方法不能达到有效快速控制互花米草的效果。通过在互花米草生长关键期(7月的扬花期)刈割+水位调节集成技术处理后,互花米草地上部分无再新生现象,至当年10月份(生长季末期),样区内互花米草的地上部分和地下部分已完全死亡并开始腐烂,达到了有效控制互花米草的效果。因此,应用刈割+水位调节集成技术治理互花米草,必须选择关键季节刈割互花米草地上部分,同时配合一定水位的持续淹水(约3个月),才能有效发挥其迅速有效治理互花米草的效果。扬花期刈割+水位调节集成技术可为沿海地区大范围防治互花米草扩散提供有效途径。
Controlling and controlling the alien species Spartina alterniflora is of great significance and necessity to maintain the biodiversity of Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve. To study the physical control experiment of “Sapling and Water Level Adjustment Integrated Technology” to control Spartina alterniflora in the demonstration site of ecological restoration of damaged tidal flat wetlands established in Shanghai Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve in order to seek effective Control technology of Spartina alterniflora. The results of demonstration studies showed that the single water level adjustment method could reduce the density and LAI of Spartina alterniflora community. However, after 100 days of flooding treatment, the growth and biomass of Spartina alterniflora in treated area had been No significant difference with the control area. A single water level adjustment method can not achieve the effect of quick and effective control of Spartina. After the treatment of the sowing and water level adjustment integration in the key period of Spartina alterniflora growth (blooming in July), no re-emergence occurred on the Spartina alterniflora, and in October of the same year (the end of growing season) The above and belowground parts of Spartina alterniflora have completely died and started to decay, achieving effective control of Spartina. Therefore, the application of cutting + water level regulation integrated technology to control Spartina alterniflora, we must choose the key season mowing Spartina alterniflora, while with a certain level of continuous flooding (about 3 months), in order to effectively play its rapid and effective Control Spartina alterniflora effect. Integrated flowering stage cutting + water level regulation can provide an effective way for the prevention and control of Spartina alterniflora spread in coastal area.