“结构”概念是列维斯特劳斯人类学认识论的核心,是一种科学的方法论。结构主义学者认为,借助结构的模式可以研究出隐藏于社会内部的真正结构。《忧郁的热带》一书充分体现列维斯特劳斯结构主义的思想,作者以结构主义的方法,研究展现不同区域的文化结构,为学者们提供许多论证。本文以《忧郁的热带》一书中的事例为论据,分析人类学中的结构与反结构,有利于更深刻地理解结构概念以及掌握人类学理论方法。 “Structure ” concept is the core of Levitraus anthropology epistemology, is a scientific methodology. Structuralist scholars believe that with the aid of structural patterns, the real structure hidden within the society can be studied. The Book of Melancholy Tropics fully embodies the idea of ​​Levi Strauss structuralism. The author uses the method of structuralism to study and demonstrate the cultural structure of different regions and provide scholars with many arguments. Based on the case of The Melancholy of the Tropical, this paper analyzes the structure and anti-structure in anthropology, which is conducive to a deeper understanding of the concept of structure and the method of anthropological theory.