【摘 要】
：
The provision of water and sanitation services is a key challenge worldwide.The size,complexity,and critical nature of the water and wastewater infrastructure providing such services make the planning and management of these systems extremely difficult.Fo
【机 构】
：
KWR Water Research Institute,Nieuwegein 3430 BB,Netherlands;College of Engineering,Mathematics and P
论文部分内容阅读
The provision of water and sanitation services is a key challenge worldwide.The size,complexity,and critical nature of the water and wastewater infrastructure providing such services make the planning and management of these systems extremely difficult.Following the digital revolution in many areas of our lives,the water sector has begun to benefit from digital transformation.Effective utilization of remotely sensed weather and soil moisture data for more efficient irrigation(i.e.,for food production),better detection of anomalies and faults in pipe networks using artificial intelligence,the use of nature-inspired optimization to improve the management and planning of systems,and greater use of digital twins and robotics all exhibit great potential to change and improve the ways in which complex water systems are managed.However,there are additional risks associated with these developments,including-but not limited to-cybersecurity,incorrect use,and overconfidence in the capability and accuracy of digital solutions and automation.This paper identifies key advances in digital technology that have found application in the water sector,and applies forensic engineering principles to failures that have been experienced in industries further ahead with automation and digital transformation.By iden-tifying what went wrong with new digital technologies that might have contributed to high-profile acci-dents in the car and aircraft industries(e.g.,Tesla self-driving cars and the Boeing 737 MAX),it is possible to identify similar risks in the water sector,learn from them,and prevent future failures.The key findings show that:① Automation will require“humans in the loop”;② human operators must be fully aware of the technology and trained to use it;③ fallback manual intervention should be available in case of tech-nology malfunctioning;④ while redundant sensors may be costly,they reduce the risks due to erroneous sensor readings;⑤ cybersecurity risks must be considered;and ⑥ ethics issues have to be considered,given the increasing automation and interconnectedness of water systems.These findings also point to major research areas related to digital transformation in the water sector.
其他文献
The wealth of user data acts as a fuel for network intelligence toward the sixth generation wireless net-works(6G).Due to data heterogeneity and dynamics,decentralized data management(DM)is desirable for achieving transparent data operations across networ
As a future energy system,the smart grid is designed to improve the efficiency of traditional power sys-tems while providing more stable and reliable services.However,this efficient and reliable service relies on collecting and analyzing users\'electric
With the large-scale commercial launch of fifth generation(5G)mobile network,the development of new services and applications catering to the year 2030,along with the deep convergence of information,communication,and data technologies(ICDT),and the lesson
In its Top 10 Emerging Technologies report published in November 2020,the World Economic Forum-advised by experts convened by the journal Scientific American-placed“Microneedles for Painless Injections and Tests”at the head of its list[1].It chose innovat
1.The object-to-human transmission route of SARS-CoV-2rnAt the time of writing,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coron-avirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has been a global pandemic for more than a year.As of 22
A microbial community structure of granules harvested from an anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating phenolic wastewater was investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)and clone library construction.Clones of Syntrophorhabdaceae and Cry
1.IntroductionrnClimate change is currently the most significant untraditional challenge to human development.Most countries have reached an agreement to reduce their carbon emissions to address this challenge[1,2].As the world\'s second largest economy
Multifunctional fillers are greatly required for dental resin composites(DRCs).In this work,a spray dryer with a three-fluid nozzle was applied for the first time to construct high-performance complex nanopar-ticle clusters(CNCs)consisting of different fu
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is challenging the current public health emergency response systems(PHERSs)of many countries.Although environmental factors,such as those influencing the survival of viruses and their transmission between spe
In March 2021,Australia\'s Great Barrier Reef played host to a rare field test of marine cloud brightening(MCB)technology.Blasting a seawater mist into the air from the aft of a research ves-sel using a turbine outfitted with novel spray nozzles,researc