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从木荷(Schima superba)优树树龄结构、选优林分起源和表型性状进行分析。结果表明,由于人为破坏,木荷大龄资源较少,仅有40%的优树处于最佳采种年龄;选优林分起源相对合理,天然林选出的优树株数占比达52.1%,次生林和人工林选出的优树株数分别占24.9%、22.9%;树高、胸径生长性状分析认为五株优势木法选出的木荷优树是合理、有效的,通过比较,在现有资源中选出最优的种质材料,作为遗传改良的基础材料,本批优树胸径与5株优势木平均胸径差异幅度大于20%以上的优树有146株,占比达69.52%;优树胸径年均生长量达速生指标的有173株,占86.43%,而树高生长量达速生指标的优树有175株,占68.05%;从形质性状分析结果显示,优良树干尖削度,即高径比在50以上的优树有114株,占比达61.63%;在冠幅方面,优良冠幅的优树,即冠幅小于等于6 m的有128株,占总株数的53.56%。木荷优树的叶果性状在个体及种源间均呈极显著差异(P<0.01),聚类分析显示木荷优树叶果有4种类型。在以后深入研究中,应对生长量大、尖削度小且为窄冠型优树的研究与利用加以重视。
The age structure of the superior tree in Schima superba, selection of optimal stand and phenotypic traits were analyzed. The results showed that only 40% of elite trees were in optimal seed-age because of man-made destructions, the age of elite trees was relatively reasonable. The proportion of elite trees in natural forests accounted for 52.1% And tree plantations, respectively, accounted for 24.9% and 22.9%, respectively. The analysis of tree height and DBH showed that the five tree species were the most reasonable and effective. Through comparison, The best germplasm material was selected as the basis material for genetic improvement. There were 146 excellent trees with DBH difference of more than 20% from the average diameter at breast height of 5 elite trees, accounting for 69.52% The average annual growth rate of DBH reached 173, accounting for 86.43%, while the number of superior trees with growth rate of tree height reached 175, accounting for 68.05%. According to the analysis of the traits of quality traits, That is to say, there are 114 elite trees with the height-diameter ratio above 50, accounting for 61.63%. In terms of crown width, 128 trees with crown width less than or equal to 6 m, accounting for 53.56% of the total, . There was a significant difference in the traits of leaves between the individuals and the provenances (P <0.01). The cluster analysis showed that there were 4 types of the leaves in the tree. In the future in-depth study, to deal with the growth of large, sharp taper small and narrow crown-type tree research and utilization of attention.