游牧生计方式是游牧文化形成的基础,对游牧生计方式的深入理解,有助于我们探讨游牧生计方式、游牧文化的起源,讨论游牧文化圈与农业文化圈的关系等问题。本文对游牧方式、游牧生活多样性、游牧经济的“自足”与“非依赖性”、马在游牧社会中的作用等几个方面的认识进行了探讨,强调游牧是一种不同于农业的土地利用方式,游牧生计和农耕生计不是一个生计系统内的不同分工,也不是一个生计系统内的不同发展阶段,它们是两种不同的生计方式,发展形成不同的文化。 Nomadic livelihoods are the basis of nomadic culture, and the deep understanding of nomadic livelihood patterns helps us to discuss the nomadic livelihoods, the origins of nomadic culture and discuss the relationship between nomadic culture and agricultural culture. This paper discusses the understanding of nomadic ways, nomadic life diversity, “self-sufficiency” and “non-dependence” of nomadic economy and the role of horses in nomadic society, emphasizing that nomadic is a different Land-use patterns, nomadic livelihoods and agricultural livelihoods in agriculture are not different divisions within a livelihood system, nor are they stages of development within a livelihood system. They are two different forms of livelihood and develop into different cultures.