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目的探讨中美两军空军飞行学员选拔膝内、外翻医学标准的不同,并对我军招飞体检标准改革提供思路。方法调查我军2012~2015年招飞定选体检中膝内、外翻淘汰率与综合评定率,对比我空军与美空军飞行学员膝内、外翻医学选拔标准,并进行实证研究。结果每年因膝内、外翻淘汰人数均较少,4年共18人,占骨科疾病淘汰人数的9.1%;膝内、外翻应征者中2014年获得综合评定合格资格4人,2015年为31人,占骨科疾病获得综评合格总人数的15%。我军对膝内、外翻的筛选淘汰标准为形态学标准,美军标准没有直接的膝内、外翻标准条目,而是从功能出发,对膝内、外翻可能造成的症状和体征进行了全面的规定。我军2012~2015年因膝内、外翻而淘汰的18名应征者中,按照美军标准应有9人为合格。2014~2015年综评合格的35名膝内、外翻应征者中,按照美军标准也应有32名合格。结论我军目前膝内、外翻标准准确性较低,建议参考美军标准侧重功能评估,同时引入胫股角概念,改进形态学标准。
Objective To explore the difference of medical standards between knee joint and valgus in air force trainees of the two armed forces in China and the United States and to provide ideas for the reform of medical examination standard in our army. Methods We investigated the rate of knee and valgus knockout and the rate of comprehensive evaluation in our physical examination from 2012 to 2015. We compared the standard of knee and valgus medical selection of pilots in our air force and US Air Force and conducted empirical research. Results The number of patients who were eliminated due to knee and valgus each year was 18, accounting for 9.1% of the total number of patients who had eliminated orthopedic diseases in 4 years. Among them, 4 were eligible for comprehensive assessment in 2014, and in 2015 31 people, accounting for 15% of the total qualified qualified orthopedic diseases. Our army on the knee, valgus selection criteria for the removal of morphological standards, the United States military standards there is no direct standard knee, valgus, but from the function of the knee, valgus may cause symptoms and signs were Comprehensive regulations. Among the 18 candidates who were eliminated from the knee and valgus during 2012-2015, 9 were qualified according to the U.S. military standards. Among the 35 cases of knee and valgus applicants qualified for comprehensive evaluation from 2014 to 2015, there should be 32 qualified according to US military standards. Conclusion Our military currently has relatively low standard accuracy of knee and valgus. It is suggested that the reference to the US military standards should focus on functional assessment and the concept of tibiofemoral angle should be introduced to improve the morphological standards.