清末民初,“舆论”被作为政治社会变革的重要力量,在士人的言说中呈现迅速抬升的趋势。与此相适应,“舆论”的意理结构在伦理、认识论以及政治等层面获得重要转换,“造健全之舆论”成为士人的群体自觉。但面对现实舆论环境,士人的认同经历着从“舆论之母”到“舆论之敌”的转变,“舆论”几乎成为负面词,进而被以群众动员为目的的“主义”取代。文章最后从表述的内在张力层面对近代中国舆论的难局及其走向作了初步解析。 At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, “public opinion” was regarded as an important force in the political and social reform and showed a tendency of rapid rise in the scholars’ speech. Correspondingly, the ideological structure of “public opinion ” has obtained an important transformation in the aspects of ethics, epistemology and politics, “making a sound public opinion ” becoming a group of scholars consciously. However, in the face of realistic public opinion environment, the identity of intellectuals is undergoing the change from “mother of the media” to “enemy of the media”, and “public opinion” almost becomes a negative word, and then is mobilized for mass mobilization “Doctrine ” replaced. In the end, the article makes a preliminary analysis of the difficult situation and the trend of the public opinion in modern China from the inner tension of the expression.