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杂文是文艺性评论,形象的说法是“诗加政论”(瞿秋白语)。缘此便想到“诗之六义”。如果不嫌附会,杂文似可作同样的概括。亦曰:“风雅颂赋比兴”。 一 杂文姓“杂”而性“辣”。杂文的特点在于“杂”,不仅意味着题材的杂,而且笔法形式也杂。有杂,才有异彩纷呈;有杂,才有不同的格调;有杂,才有一片生机;有杂,才有无穷的创造和这种变化万千的美好世界。所以杂文是文学,属于“美文”中的一种。早在三十年代,鲁迅就特地提出过,“杂文侵入高尚的文学楼台”。无愧于厕身作家之林的杂文大家,可谓“岐王宅里寻常见”。但是“杂文不辣,味同嚼蜡”,辣体现其功能和性格。因此有位知名的杂文名家认为“杂文是四川菜”。为什么?恐怕是由于杂文带刺者居多罢。讽刺总有辣味,这是我国的文学传统。
Essay is a literary comment, the image of the saying is “poetry plus political theory” (Qu Qi). So think of this “poetic righteousness.” If not too attached, essay can make the same generalization. Also said: “Elegant Accord Fu-Xing.” An essay surnamed “miscellaneous” and sexual “spicy.” Essay is characterized by “miscellaneous”, not only means that the subject matter miscellaneous, but also the form of stroke is also mixed. There are mixed, have colorful; mixed, have a different style; mixed, have a life; mixed, have endless creation and this wonderful world of change. Therefore, the essay is literature, belonging to the “American” in one. As early as the thirties, Lu Xun made a special mention of “essays invade noble literary buildings.” Worthy of the toilet writer’s forest essays everyone, can be described as “Qi Wang house unusual.” However, “essay is not spicy, taste the same,” spicy manifests its function and character. Therefore, a well-known essayist think “essay is Sichuan cuisine.” Why? I am afraid that due to the majority of essay thorn strike. Ironically, there is always a spicy flavor, which is our literary tradition.