目的考察学龄前儿童事件性前瞻记忆和执行功能三成分(工作记忆、抑制控制、认知灵活性)的发展水平及两者的关系。方法采用实验法对4~6岁儿童的事件性前瞻记忆和执行功能的三成分进行测量。结果三个年龄组被试事件性前瞻记忆成绩差异有统计学意义,6岁组优于5岁组,且两组均好于4岁组;三个年龄组被试执行功能三成分成绩差异均有统计学意义,且6岁组均优于4岁组。分层回归分析发现,工作记忆对事件性前瞻记忆有显著的预测作用。结论随着年龄增长,学龄前儿童事件性前瞻记忆和执行功能均呈逐渐提高的发展趋势;工作记忆显著影响学龄前儿童事件性前瞻记忆的发展。 Objective To investigate the developmental level of three-component (working memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility) of presynaptic memory and executive function in preschool children and their relationship. Methods The experimental method was used to measure three-component event-predictive memory and executive function in children aged 4 to 6 years. Results There were significant differences in the prospective memory scores among the three age groups. The 6-year-old group was better than the 5-year-old group, and both groups were better than the 4-year-old group. There was statistical significance, and 6-year-old group were better than 4-year-old group. Hierarchical regression analysis found that working memory had a significant predictive effect on event-like prospective memory. Conclusions As the age increases, the presynaptic memory and executive function of preschool children show an increasing trend of development. Working memory significantly affects the development of presynaptic memory in preschool children.