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一緒論西方文明從中古過渡到近代,是以十五六世紀之交的四椿大事爲標志:奧圖曼人攻陷君士但丁堡(1453)、古騰堡發展活版印刷(1455)、哥倫布發現新大陸(1492)、馬丁路德發動宗敎改革(1517)。這些事件的重要性難分軒輊,但君士但丁堡陷落意味重大挫折,印刷術和宗敎改革涉及內部發展與調整,唯有發現新大陸完全不一樣:它是西方文明走向世界,衝擊世界的第一波。而且,在其後四百五十年間,它為西方的大擴張
Introduction The transition of the Western civilization from the Middle Ages to the modern one was marked by the Four Great Events at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries: the Ottomans captured the monarchs Steinburg (1453), the Gutenberg development typography (1455), Columbus Discovery of the New World (1492), Martin Luther launched the Zongyi reform (1517). The importance of these incidents is hardly exaggerated, but the fall of the Emperor Steinburg means major setbacks. The reform of printing and prosecution involves internal development and adjustment. The discovery of the New World is totally different: it is a process in which the western civilization is going to the world and its impact on the world The first wave. And for the next four hundred and fifty years it expanded for the West