世纪之交的时代氛围,容易使人触摸到时代的脉搏,感受到社会历史及与之相应的各门科学的急剧发展和演变,产生出总结过往历史以利于认识当前发展趋势的要求。就西方史学而言,在上个世纪之交,居史坛主导地位的兰克式史学模式开始受到批判和挑战。直到20世纪中叶,试图建立“社会科学历史学”的新模式才缓慢赢得支配地 The atmosphere of the times at the turn of the century can easily touch the pulse of the times and feel the rapid development and evolution of social history and corresponding sciences, resulting in the requirement of summing up the past history and understanding the current development trend. As far as Western historiography is concerned, at the turn of the century, the Rank-type historiography model that dominates the history of the world began to be criticized and challenged. It was not until the middle of the twentieth century that the new model that sought to establish “history of social sciences” slowly won over