膀胱癌是泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,其发病率和死亡率呈逐年上升趋势[1]。恶性程度高、术后易复发[2]是膀胱癌的显著特点,也是导致肿瘤治疗效果差和预后不良的主要原因。因此,如何对膀胱癌做出早期诊断和复发预测,是当前迫切需要解决的问题。目前,膀胱癌的诊断主要依靠膀胱镜检 Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system, and its morbidity and mortality are increasing year by year [1]. High degree of malignancy, postoperative recurrence [2] is a significant feature of bladder cancer, but also lead to poor cancer treatment and poor prognosis of the main reasons. Therefore, how to make early diagnosis and recurrence of bladder cancer is an urgent problem to be solved. At present, the diagnosis of bladder cancer mainly depends on cystoscopy