近代中国,清王朝处于内忧外患的交困之中,为了摆脱日益加深的社会危机,清廷掀起了一系列的“新政”。对内蒙古地区放垦蒙地是其应付民族危机的重要的手段。清末新政对蒙古社会造成了深刻的影响,一方面是促进了人口的流动;另一方面,也改变了蒙古社会的生存方式及对生态造成了相当得危害。 In modern China, the Qing Dynasty was in the midst of internal and external difficulties. To get rid of the deepening social crisis, the Qing government launched a series of “new policies.” Reclaiming and reclaiming land in Inner Mongolia is an important means to deal with the national crisis. The New Deal in late Qing dynasty had a profound impact on Mongolian society. On the one hand, it promoted the flow of population. On the other hand, it also changed the survival mode of Mongolian society and caused considerable harm to ecology.