一个人的能力有多种,有些是带根本性的,叫基本能力;有的是非根本性的,叫具体能力。人的基本能力到底有多少种,其说不一。前苏联教育家列·符·赞可夫认为人的基本能力有三种:观察能力、思维能力、操作能力。我国关于基本能力的说法很多,但无论哪种观点,都将思维能力列入基本能力之中,在这一点上是一致的。思维能力已被公认为人的基本能力。恩格斯在《反杜林论》旧序中写道:“一个民族要站在科学的最高峰,就一刻也不能没有理论思维。”恩格斯所说的理论思维,是思维能力中的重要组成部分。他在作出上述论断的同时又写道:“但理论思维仅仅是一种天赋的能力,这种能力必须加以发展和锻炼”。如何发展和锻炼思维能力,多少年来一直是理论工作者所关注的问题。由于这个问题涉及的学科较多,往往因视角不同或研究方法的差异,对这个问题的看法并不一致。所强调的锻炼和发展思维能力的具体措施也就有所不同。本文试图就什么是思维能力和如何培养和提高这种能力谈一些看法,以便与诸位同仁讨论。 A person’s ability to have a variety of, some are fundamental, called the basic ability; some non-fundamental, called specific capabilities. The basic ability of people in the end how many, different. The former Soviet Union educator Le Fu Zakhoof that people have three basic skills: observation ability, thinking ability, ability to operate. There are many statements about our basic capabilities in our country. However, no matter what point of view we have, our thinking ability is included in the basic ability. It is at this point consistent. Thinking ability has been recognized as the basic ability of people. Engels wrote in the old order of “Anti-Duhring”: “For a nation to stand on the highest point of science, there can be no theoretical thinking for a moment.” Engels’s theory of thinking is an important part of his thinking ability. In making the above assertion, he wrote: “But theoretical thinking is merely a gift of natural ability that must be developed and exercised.” How to develop and train thinking ability has been a concern of theoreticians for many years. Due to the large number of subjects involved in this issue, the views on this issue are often different due to different perspectives or differences in research methods. The specific measures that we emphasize in exercising and developing our ability to think are different. This article attempts to talk about what is thinking ability and how to develop and enhance it in order to discuss with you guys.