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目的了解1997年-2008年间太原市出生缺陷发生情况,为进一步制定干预措施提供依据。方法将1997年-2008年12年中在我院妇产科终止妊娠的出生缺陷患儿按年限分为1997年-2002年(前六年)组和2003年-2008年(后六年),并对其种类、发生率及城乡分布进行回顾性分析。结果 (1)12年中神经管畸形的发生率为56.11/万,居于首位,占全部出生缺陷的32.35%,虽然后六年的神经管畸形的发生率低于前6年,但无统计学差异(χ2=3.70,P>0.05)。(2)后6年中28W前B超诊断率(1.12%)比前六年(0.41%)显著提高(χ2=7.49,P<0.05)。(3)前6年中城市与农村出生缺陷发生率分别为133.94/万、545.45/万,后6年城市与农村出生缺陷发生率分别为129.64/万、436.50/万,(χ2=42.27,P<0.05;χ2=44.47,P<0.05)农村的平均发生率为城市的3.7倍,明显高于城市。结论神经管畸形的发生在我省仍较为突出,只有加强对神经管畸形的预防,加强优生优育知识的宣传,改善农村生活环境,提高产前诊断率水平,才有可能有效性地降低出生缺陷的发生。
Objective To understand the incidence of birth defects in Taiyuan from 1997 to 2008 and provide the basis for further intervention. Methods The children with birth defects in obstetrics and gynecology during pregnancy in our hospital from 1997 to 2008 were divided into years of 1997-2002 (first six years) and 2003-2008 (last six years) Retrospective analysis of its type, incidence and urban-rural distribution. Results (1) The incidence of neural tube defects in 12 years was 56.11 / million, ranking first, accounting for 32.35% of all birth defects. Although the incidence of neural tube defects was lower in the latter six years than in the first six years, there was no statistical significance Difference (χ2 = 3.70, P> 0.05). (2) The diagnostic value of B-ultrasound before 28W in 6 years after operation (1.12%) was significantly higher than that in the previous 6 years (0.41%) (χ2 = 7.49, P <0.05). (3) The incidence of birth defects in urban and rural areas in the first 6 years were 133.94 / million and 545.45 / million respectively. The incidence of birth defects in urban and rural areas in the first 6 years was 129.64 / million and 436.50 / million, respectively (χ2 = 42.27, P <0.05; χ2 = 44.47, P <0.05) The average incidence in rural areas was 3.7 times that of cities, which was significantly higher than that of cities. Conclusions The occurrence of neural tube defects is still prominent in our province. Only by strengthening the prevention of neural tube defects, strengthening the propaganda of prenatal and postnatal care knowledge, improving rural living environment and increasing the rate of prenatal diagnosis can we effectively reduce birth defects happened.