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目的了解上海市普陀区长征镇中小学生过敏性疾病患病率及治疗状况。方法采用国际儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病研究(International Study of Asthma and Allergiesin Childhood,ISAAC)第一阶段调查问卷为基础问卷;哮喘控制测试(Asthma ControlTest,ACT)进行疾病严重度评估。2007年4-5月对上海市普陀区长征镇5807名中小学生进行哮喘、变应性鼻炎、湿疹的问卷调查。结果患过敏性疾病者599例,患病率为10.31%,其中哮喘患病率为4.84%,男女比例为1.68∶1;变应性鼻炎和湿疹的患病率分别为7.44%和0.83%。哮喘患者中有家族史的占17.57%,哮喘合并变应性鼻炎者147例,占52.31%。多数哮喘患者不用药,ACT评分在20～24分的患者中不用药者占87.30%,使用吸入糖皮质激素(inhaled corticosteroid,ICS)治疗者为3.17%;ACT评分≤19分的患者中有55.60%不用药,吸入糖皮质激素占22.20%。变应性鼻炎患者中有34.97%不用药,单鼻用皮质类固醇者占23.78%,单口服抗组胺药者占16.78%,联合鼻用皮质类固醇+口服抗组胺药治疗者为4.20%。结论上海普陀区长征镇中小学生哮喘患病率与2002年上海地区调查的哮喘患病率比较无明显上升。变应性鼻炎的患病率较低。多数哮喘、变应性鼻炎患者治疗是不规范的。
Objective To understand the prevalence and treatment of allergic diseases among primary and secondary school students in Changzheng Town, Putuo District, Shanghai. Methods The questionnaire of the first phase of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) was used as the basic questionnaire. Asthma Control Test (ACT) was used to evaluate the severity of the disease. From April to May 2007, 5807 primary and secondary school students in Changzheng Town, Putuo District, Shanghai were surveyed for asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema. Results 599 cases of allergic diseases, the prevalence was 10.31%, of which the prevalence of asthma was 4.84%, male to female ratio of 1.68:1; the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and eczema were 7.44% and 0.83%. Family history of asthma accounted for 17.57%, 147 cases of asthma with allergic rhinitis, accounting for 52.31%. Most patients with asthma had no medication, 87.30% had an ACT score of 20 to 24, 3.17% received an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), 55.60 with an ACT score <19 % Do not medication, inhaled corticosteroids accounted for 22.20%. 34.97% of patients with allergic rhinitis had no medication, 23.78% with single nasal corticosteroid, 16.78% with single oral antihistamine, and 4.20% with nasal corticosteroid + oral antihistamine. Conclusions The prevalence of asthma among primary and secondary school students in Changzheng Town, Putuo District, Shanghai did not significantly increase from the prevalence of asthma in Shanghai in 2002. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis is low. Most asthma, allergic rhinitis patients treatment is not standardized.