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在煤田地震勘探中,相干干扰是最常见的强噪声干扰如面波、声波、地滚波、多次波等。它的存在严重影响地震记录的质量,因此消除、压制相干干扰是地震数据处理中提高信噪比的关键环节。尽管目前有不少用于消除、压制相干干扰的方法,如,F-K 滤波、τ-p 变换、局部切除等,但都存在着严重的缺陷。主要问题是这些方法在消除、压制相干干扰时,有效波也受到了损失。有效波被改造,波形发生畸变,出现假同向轴等。而基于模糊判别的方向滤波技术是一种新的相干干扰滤除方法,叠前、叠后数据都可以应用。此方法在 t-x 域(时-空域)内对整个地震记录作为一个整体进行处理,不需要进行域的变换,不必对地震记录作开时窗处理和进行局部切除。因此,不会引入假频和假同向轴。理论模型数据以及实际地震记录处理结果表明,该方法在尽可能滤除相干干扰的同时,有效波得到了很好的保持。
In coalfield seismic exploration, coherent interference is the most common strong noise disturbance such as surface wave, acoustic wave, ground roll, multiple wave and so on. Its existence has a serious impact on the quality of seismic records, so the elimination and suppression of coherent interferences are the key steps to improve the signal-to-noise ratio in seismic data processing. Although there are many methods for eliminating and suppressing coherent interference, such as F-K filtering, τ-p transform, partial resection and so on, there are serious flaws. The main problem is that when these methods eliminate and suppress coherent interference, the effective wave is also lost. The effective wave is transformed, the waveform is distorted, and the false co-axis appears. Directional filtering based on fuzzy discriminant is a new coherent interference filtering method. Prestack and poststack data can be applied. This method treats the entire seismic record as a whole within the t-x domain (time-space domain) without the need for domain transformations, without the need to open the windowing and partial resection of seismic records. Therefore, no aliasing and fake co-axis are introduced. Theoretical model data and actual seismic record processing results show that this method can keep the effective wave well while filtering out coherent interference as much as possible.