Winesburg Ohio is a famous short story in American literary history, through the study of this short story collection, the main and primary aim is to discuss social background of that certain time. People ’s social life in this story was in Midwest America, which represented the whole country at that period of time. For Winesburg as a microcosm:The so called grotesque fig?ures of Winesburg were forced to meet and handle issues and events, which people universally undergo. Winesburg then became Any Town, USA and the flaws and struggles represented by these characters were same as be met by the ordinary people with the common human experience. Sherwood Anderson’s motivation to write them was to show the typical human community to us. With analysis of three famous figures below to illustrate how depressed they were, and to indicate Anderson ’s great contribution to the American literature. Also what were readers’reactions to this masterpiece.