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目的了解佛山地区临床检验人员血源性职业暴露现状并分析相关危险因素,为降低临床检验人员职业危害发生率、提高安全防护意识提高建议。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,随机选择佛山市部分公立医院的临床检验人员作为研究对象,进行其血源性职业危害暴露现状及认知情况进行调查。结果本研究共纳入符合条件的临床检验人员118名,其中表示接受过各种形式的职业防护培训的有97名,占82.2%;对职业防护培训的来源途径进行分析,职业防护教育途径的前3位分别为:医院培训、课题学习、同事交流,占总数的74.76%。临床检验人员职业危害行为总体发生率为69.5%,其中锐器刺伤行为的发生率最高为34.7%。知晓率调查结果显示,医用垃圾和生活垃圾需要分类处理条目的知晓率最高为100.00%,知晓率最低的条目为标准预防可以防止血源性疾病又能防止非血源性疾病,知晓率为67.80%。以职业暴露相关知识总分作为因变量,建立多重线性回归模型,结果发现:职业防护的重视程度、职业防护教育培训情况、文化程度、医院级别是有意义的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论临床检验人员的职业危害发生率较高,职业安全防护应得到医院的重视,加强培训,提高临床检验人员的安全防护意识,降低职业危害风险。
Objective To understand the current status of blood-based occupational exposure among clinical laboratory personnel in Foshan and to analyze the related risk factors. In order to reduce the occupational hazards of clinical examiners and improve the safety awareness, Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to randomly select clinical laboratory staff from some public hospitals in Foshan as the research object to investigate the status quo and cognition of exposure to bloodborne occupational hazards. Results A total of 118 eligible clinical examiners were enrolled in the study, of whom 97 received various forms of occupational protection training, accounting for 82.2%. The sources of occupational protection training were analyzed and the pre-vocational education and training approaches were analyzed Three were: hospital training, subject learning, exchange of colleagues, accounting for 74.76% of the total. The overall incidence of occupational hazards among clinical examiners was 69.5%, of which the highest incidence of stab wounds was 34.7%. The awareness rate survey showed that the highest awareness rate of medical waste and household waste requiring classification treatment items was 100.00%, and the lowest awareness rate was standard prevention, which could prevent both blood-borne diseases and non-blood-borne diseases, with the awareness rate of 67.80 %. Based on the total score of occupational exposure as a dependent variable, a multiple linear regression model was established. The results showed that: the importance of occupational protection, occupational protection education and training, educational level and hospital level are significant influencing factors (P <0.05). Conclusion The occupational hazards of clinical examiners are high, occupational safety and protection should be taken seriously by the hospital, training should be strengthened, the safety awareness of clinical examiners should be raised, and the risk of occupational hazards should be reduced.