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通过实地调查和查阅近200篇国内外文献,对新疆绿洲防护林体系的营建、树种选择、配置模式、灌溉历程的发展动态进行了分析和研究,同时也对新疆绿洲防护林树种选择、配置模式的发展方向,以及改用节水灌溉后防护林体系地表水文发生的改变进行了探讨。结果表示:新疆大规模的绿洲防护林营建历史悠久,始于20世纪50年代;新疆绿洲防护林树种选择由单一化向多林种转变,配置也由单一化的“宽林带、大网格”模式向乔、灌、草结合,形成时间上有序、空间上有层次的“窄林带、小网格”模式;大水漫灌、沟灌、串畦淹灌等传统的防护林灌溉方式被微滴灌所代替后,使防护林地表水文发生变化,所以提倡西北干旱区不该大力推广微滴灌技术,而应有所限制地使用。
Through field investigation and review of nearly 200 domestic and foreign literatures, this paper analyzed and studied the construction of oasis shelterbelts in Xinjiang, the choice of tree species, the allocation model and the development of irrigation history. At the same time, the development of tree species selection and allocation model of shelterbelts in Xinjiang oasis was also discussed Direction and the change of surface hydrology of shelterbelt system after switched to water-saving irrigation were discussed. The results show that the large-scale oasis shelterbelt construction in Xinjiang has a long history since the 1950s. The selection of shelterbelts in Xinjiang’s oasis shelterbelt has shifted from monocularization to multi-forestation. The configuration has also been changed from a single “broad forest belt, The model combines with Qiao, Irrigation and Grass to form an orderly and spatially hierarchical model of ”narrow forest belt and small grid". Traditional irrigation methods such as flood irrigation, furrow irrigation, Drip irrigation replaced, the shelter surface hydrology changes, it is recommended to promote arid northwestern region should not vigorously promote micro-drip irrigation technology, but should be limited use.