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笔者在进行矿坑突水研究过程中,注意到给矿坑带来危害的除突水外,还存在着固体物质突入(简称突固)问题。由于‘突固’,常常给矿坑造成极为严重的恶果。固体物的物源、突出原因、影响突出的因素及其防治方法同样与岩溶工程地质水文地质条件密切相关。岩溶类型和部份其它类型的煤矿,已出现的突固现象有“岩爆”突出煤、岩石块;“溃砂”;突砂石流;溶洞突泥等。前者采矿界有的称之为“岩爆”、“矿山弹射”,突砂石流又称之为“流砂溃入”。溶洞突泥现象是近年来发现的问题。固体物突出的物源、储积条件、突出机理是不相同的。现就看到和收集到的突固工程地质、水文地质现象进行初步探讨以引起同行们对此问题的关注,有益于采矿事业。
In the process of pit water bursting research, I noticed that it brought the hazard to the pit in addition to water inrush, but also the problem of solid matter intruding (referred to as sudden solidification). Due to ’sudden solid’, often to the pit caused extremely serious consequences. Source of solid matter, salient reasons, factors that affect salience and methods of prevention and control are also closely related to geological and hydrogeological conditions of karst engineering. Karst types and some other types of coal mines, there have been sudden phenomenon of solidification “rock burst” prominent coal, rock; “sand”; sudden gravel flow; karst mud and so on. Some of the former mining circles call it “rock burst” and “catapult to the mine.” Suddenly, the gravel flow is also called “runoff collapse.” Puddle mud phenomenon is discovered in recent years. Proper source of solid material, storage conditions, outstanding mechanism is not the same. Now we have seen and collected sudden engineering geology, hydrogeological phenomena to conduct a preliminary discussion to arouse the concern of colleagues on this issue, is good for mining.