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翻译离不开比较,就其内容而言,有各个层次、各个方面的比较。比如有词汇、语法及修辞各个层次的,词汇又包括音、形、义、用各个方面的,就其方法而言,又有一般的,系统的或宏观的,也有重点的、具体的或微观的。比较的直接结果是揭示源语和译语之间所具有的异同点。而对于译者来说,对不同点的探讨无疑比对共同点的探讨更为有益。下面,仅借助于一般与重点相结合的对比方法,在语法层次上初步检视有关方面的主要差别。这些方面包括词类、语序、范畴、单位及结构等。至于例句材料,均从当代英语作品中直接选出。
Translation can not be separated from the comparison, in terms of its content, there are all levels, all aspects of comparison. For example, vocabulary, grammar and rhetoric at all levels, vocabulary and sound, shape, meaning, with all aspects, in terms of its method, there are general, systematic or macro, but also focused, specific or micro of. The direct result of comparison is to reveal the similarities and differences between the source language and the target language. For the translator, the discussion of different points is no doubt more beneficial than the discussion of common ground. In the following, the main differences at the level of grammar are primarily examined by means of a combination of general and focused methods. These aspects include word class, word order, category, unit and structure. As for the example sentences, all are selected directly from contemporary English works.