罗德明同志《国有企业潜藏的剩余劳动与经济发展》一文(载于《经济研究》1990年第10期以下简称罗文),把剩余劳动定义为“如果从总就业中撤出一部分劳动,总产量保持不变甚或增加,那么被撤出的劳动便是剩余劳动。”即“边际生产率为零甚或负数的劳动。”我认为这一定义对于研究分析中国国有企业劳动就业问题是不够妥当的。把边际生产率为零或为负数的劳动定义为剩余劳动最早出现在发展经济学的文献中,它 In his article entitled “Surplus Labor and Economic Development Hidden in State-owned Enterprises” (published in Economic Research, No. 10, 1990, hereinafter referred to as Luo Wen), Comrade Rodrrrhenian defined surplus labor as “if a part of labor is withdrawn from total employment, total output Remain unchanged or even increase, then the labor withdrawn is surplus labor. ”That is,“ labor with marginal productivity of zero or even negative. ”I think this definition is not adequate for studying and analyzing the labor and employment problems of Chinese state-owned enterprises. Defining labor with zero or negative marginal productivity as the earliest surplus labor appears in the literature on development economics, which