细菌感染至今仍是引起国内新生儿疾病及死亡的重要原因 ,尤其是早产儿。临床上对早产儿滥用抗菌药物的现象比较严重 ,现将早产儿抗菌药物的应用作一简要介绍。1　抗菌药物的应用原则1.1　要有指征　只应用于细菌感染 ,非感染性疾病(如新生儿溶血症 )或病毒感染 (如巨细胞包涵体 Bacterial infection is still an important cause of neonatal disease and death in China, especially premature infants. Clinically, the phenomenon of abuse of antibiotics in preterm infants is more serious. The application of antimicrobial drugs in premature infants is now briefly introduced. Antimicrobials should be used in principle 1.1 Indications should be applied only to bacterial infections, non-infectious diseases (such as neonatal hemolytic disease) or viral infections (such as giant cell inclusion bodies