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目的评价营养健康教育对老年人营养状态和生活质量的影响。方法应用微型营养评价(MNA)对120例老年人进行营养评估,MNA结果为存在营养不良风险的老年人随机分为干预组和对照组,干预组接受营养健康教育和营养状态、生活质量评估,对照组只接受营养状态、生活质量评估,随访12月后比较两组MNA、传统营养指标、健康调查简表(SF-36)生活质量评估。结果 120例老年人中,营养状态良好25例(20.8%),营养不良17例(14.2%),存在发生营养不良危险78例(65%)。营养健康教育12个月后,干预组营养状态良好的比率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),干预组MNA、体质量指数(BMI)、上臂围(MAC)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PAB)、血红蛋白(HB)结果优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组SF-36的生理功能、生理职能、总体健康、活力、社会功能和精神健康6个方面的评分优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年人发生营养不良的风险较高,营养健康教育能够明显改善老年人的营养状态,提高老年人的生活质量。
Objective To evaluate the effect of nutrition and health education on the nutritional status and quality of life of the elderly. Methods Nutritional assessment was performed on 120 elderly patients by MNA. The results of MNA were randomly divided into intervention group and control group with malnutrition risk. The intervention group received nutritional health education and nutrition status, quality of life assessment, The control group only received nutritional status and quality of life assessment. The MNA, traditional nutritional indicators and the quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) were compared between the two groups after 12 months of follow-up. Results Among 120 elderly people, 25 were malnutrition (20.8%), 17 were malnourished (14.2%), and 78 (65%) were malnourished. After 12 months of nutrition and health education, the nutrition status of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group (P <0.05). The levels of MNA, body mass index (BMI), upper arm circumference (MAC) The results of ALB, PAB and HB were superior to those of the control group (P <0.05). SF-36 in intervention group was superior to control group in physiological function, physiological function, overall health, vitality, social function and mental health, with significant difference (P <0.05). Conclusion The incidence of malnutrition in the elderly is high, nutrition and health education can significantly improve the nutritional status of the elderly and improve the quality of life of the elderly.