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Background Both repaglinide and gliclazide are insulin secretagogues widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.They stimulate insulin secretion through distinct mechanisms and may benefit patients from different aspects.The present study was to evaluate the effects of repaglinide or gliclazide on glycaemic control,insulin secretion,and lipid profiles in type 2 diabetes patients.Methods A total of 47 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients were randomized 1:1 to receive a 4-week treatment with repaglinide or gliclazide.The standard mixed meal tolerance test was performed before and after the treatment.Plasma glucose (PG),insulin concentration,and lipid profiles were measured.The area under insulin concentration curve (AUCins) and the early-phase insulin secretion index (△I30/△G3o) were calculated.Results After the trial,fasting and postprandial PG and postprandial insulin improved significantly in both groups (P＜0.05).The maximum insulin concentration occurred earlier in the repaglinide group than that in the gliclazide group.AUCins increased in both groups (P ＜0.05),but no significant difference was found between groups.△I30/△G30 increased in both groups (P ＜0.05),especially in the repaglinide group (P ＜0.05).Triglyceride and total cholesterol decreased significantly in the repaglinide group in some time points,while no significant change was observed in the gliclazide group.Conclusions Repaglinide and gliclazide had similar effects on glycaemic control and total insulin secretion,while repaglinide had more effects on improvements in β-cell function and lipid metabolism.