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[开场白]我国的户籍制度改革,多年来是民众热议的话题,每年两会期间,委员们也有提案提出建议。这些年,中央采取了一些松动政策,但根本的问题解决起来步履维艰。户口能否成为历史名词,现在还无明确说法。户籍制度的变革,新中国成立60年来经历了三个阶段。第一阶段是1949年～1958年,自由迁徙时期;第二阶段是1958年～1978年,严格控制时期。1958年1月,国家颁布《户口登记条例》,对人口自由流动实行严格的政府管制,1975年修改的《宪法》正式取消了有关迁徙自由的规定;第三个阶段是1978年至今,半开放时期,先是允许农民自带口粮进城镇落户,继之又有了万分之二“农转非”指标,后又规定具备某些条件后可办理城镇常住户口,且不再实行计划指标管理。现存的“城镇户口”和“农村户口”犹如天壤,漫长的城乡分割二元体制,造成了社会的极大不公。制度的公平公正是社会和谐的基础。实行一元化的户籍改革,不只是一个人身份变化的问题,而且涉及到公民的基本权利与和谐社会的构建。
[Opening Ceremony] The reform of household registration system in our country has been the hot topic for many years. During the two sessions each year, members also have proposals for proposals. In recent years, the central authorities adopted some loosening policies, but the fundamental problems have been struggling to solve them. Account can become a historical term, there is no clear statement. Changes in the household registration system, the founding of New China 60 years has gone through three stages. The first stage is from 1949 to 1958, the period of free migration; the second stage is from 1958 to 1978, strictly controlled period. In January 1958, the State enacted the Regulation on the Registration of Hukou and imposed strict government control over the free flow of population. The Constitution, as amended in 1975, officially abolished the provisions on freedom of movement. The third phase was 1978-present and semi-open Period, first allow peasants to bring their own rations into the cities and settle down, followed by two ten thousandths of them, and then stipulate that certain conditions may apply for urban permanent residence and no longer implement the planned targets management. The existing “urban hukou” and “rural hukou” are like a great land. The long urban-rural divide in the dualistic system has caused great injustice in the society. The fairness and justice of the system is the foundation of social harmony. The implementation of the unified household registration reform is not only a matter of changing one’s status, but also involves the basic rights of citizens and the construction of a harmonious society.