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制度是一种社会结构,由文化认知、规范和规则三个要素构成。它们既独立存在,又相互依存,提供了不同的意义和秩序基础,对于社会结构特征具有很强的解释力。制度理论在研究关注点、研究方法、分析层次和结论方面表现出多样性的特点。新兴的制度理论研究有以下几个动向:一是在承认制度是社会秩序和政治稳定性的基础之外,开始关注制度对于组织结构和行为的影响;二是采用特性研究方法和过程研究方法,前者注意比较与不同制度相对应的成本和效益,后者强调制度的产生和变化;三是在注重分析趋同变化过程的同时,也开始注意趋异和多样化过程;四是在多种分析水平上开展研究,从单个组织到组织域,甚至到更加宏观的系统层次;五是关注世界系统和全球化这两种力量对于国家——政府结构和行为的影响。
System is a kind of social structure composed of three elements of cultural cognition, norms and rules. They exist independently and interdependently, provide different bases of meaning and order, and have strong explanatory power on the characteristics of social structure. Institutional theories show diversity in research focus, research methods, analysis levels and conclusions. Emerging institutional theory research has the following several trends: First, in recognition of the system is the basis of social order and political stability, began to pay attention to the impact of the system on organizational structure and behavior; the second is the use of characteristic research methods and process research methods, The former pays attention to comparing the costs and benefits corresponding to different systems, while the latter emphasizes the emergence and changes of the system. Third, while paying attention to analyzing the process of convergence and convergence, it also starts to pay attention to the process of divergence and diversification. Fourth, Research, from a single organization to the organizational domain, even to a more macro system level; Fifth, attention is paid to the influence of the two systems of world system and globalization on the state-government structure and behavior.