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房屋四周的散水、明沟与外墙转角接合处出现纵向粗大裂缝,或因裂缝使散水破损(图1)已成通病。造成散水裂缝的主要原因,不外是散水建造在墙(柱)基的回填土上,回填土没有夯实,散水沉陷开裂。事实是,一般墙(柱)基槽挖得不宽,又比较深,墙(柱)基完工回填土方时,打夯机进不去,靠手工夯实,密实度很差。有的基槽因施工排水不力,抢完基墙(柱)后,槽内被地下水、地表水和主体构件养护水浸泡,夯实困难。当做散水明沟时,仅夯压表土,因里土不实而产生沉陷开裂,有的采取加厚散水混凝土垫层亦无济于事。
Concrete longitudinal cracks occur at the joints between the bulk water, the open ditch and the corners of the walls around the house, or the breakwaters have been damaged due to cracks (Figure 1). The main cause of scattered water cracks is nothing but loose water built on the backfill of the wall (pillar) foundation. The backfill soil is not compacted, and the scattered water sinks and cracks. The fact is that the general wall (column) groove is not widened and deep, and when the wall (pillar) foundation is completed and backfilled, the ramming machine can’t get in. By manual tamping, the density is poor. Some base tanks are poorly drained due to construction, and after grabbing the base wall (column), the tank is soaked with groundwater, surface water, and main component maintenance water, making it difficult to compact it. When it is used as a ditch for open water, only the topsoil is pressed, and subsidence and cracking are caused by the impracticality of the soil. Some of them use thickened bulk concrete cushions to no avail.