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龟兹石窟是世界三大壁画石窟群之一,也是现存佛教本生、因缘图像种类和数量最多的石窟群。本文采用考古类型学与美术史图像学结合的方法,梳理并分析龟兹石窟壁画本生、因缘图像,指出方形窟第一种画风本生、因缘图像,呈现多场景连续构图及大场面构图,通常构成洞窟壁画主题内容。中心柱窟(附加大像窟)和方形窟第二、三种画风本生与因缘图像,多采用菱格构图及平列矩形构图,辅助主题壁画发挥作用。第一种画风本生、因缘图像着重表述持戒内涵,大多基于根本说一切有部律典绘制。第二种画风本生、因缘图像尤其重视布施供养内涵,故事多来自根本说一切有部律典、譬喻文学及佛教论典,这些佛教典籍主要出自西北印度与中亚。第一、二种画风本生与因缘图像,呈现前后两个阶段性特征,暗示龟兹地区佛教思潮曾经发生过某些转变。
Kucha Grottoes is one of the three largest fossil grottoes in the world. It is also an existing Buddhist monk, a group of grottoes with the largest number and types of images. In this paper, a combination of archaeological typology and art history and imageology is used to sort out and analyze the origins and genetic images of the murals in the Qizi Grottoes. The first type of artwork, , Usually constitute the cave mural theme. Central column grottoes (attached to the large cave) and the square cave second and third style of students and the cause of the image, the use of diamond grid composition and rectangular composition, auxiliary theme murals play a role. The first kind of style born students, because of the image of the emphatic emphasis on the content of the precepts, mostly based on the basic principle of all ministries drawn. The second kind of style born students, especially because of the image attached to the provision of connotation, the story comes from the basic say everything law, metaphor of literature and Buddhist theory, these Buddhist books mainly from Northwest India and Central Asia. The first and second style of the image of the born students and karma, showing two stages before and after features, suggesting that some changes have taken place in the Buddhism trend in the Qiuci.