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目的分析孝昌县2011—2015年手足口病(hand-foot-mouth disease,HFMD)流行病学特征,为该县HFMD防控及应对提供依据。方法收集整理孝昌县2011—2015年各医疗机构报告国家疾病预防控制信息系统HFMD情况,应用描述性方法进行流行病学特征分析。计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 2011—2015年HFMD累计报告2 148例,年均发病率为64.64/10万,无重症及死亡病例。男女性别比为2.2:1,男女发病率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。全年每月均有病例,3—7月为发病高峰,共1 651例,占76.86%,11月—次年2月为第二小高峰,共364例,占16.95%,8—10月病例最少。病例报告年龄最小仅2天,最大18岁,其中≤5岁发病数最高,共2 066例,占96.18%。全县各地均有病例报告,各区域间有明显差异,报告病例较多的邻城乡镇花园镇,共698例,占32.50%;较少的是卫店镇,共65例,占3.03%。确诊病例338例,占15.74%,临床病例1 809例,占84.22%,疑似病例1例。EV71共313例(14.57%),Cox A16共21例(0.98%),其他肠道病4例。结论 2011—2015年孝昌县HFMD具有明显的季节、性别、年龄差异,加强对重点人群(5岁以下儿童)HFMD的监测和宣教对疾病的防控具有积极现实意义。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Xiaochang County from 2011 to 2015, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of HFMD in Xiaochang County. Methods The data of HFMD in the national disease prevention and control information system collected by various medical institutions in Xiaochang County from 2011 to 2015 were collected and analyzed, and the descriptive method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics. Count data using χ2 test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results A total of 2 148 HFMD cases were reported in 2011-2015, with an average annual incidence rate of 64.64 / 100 000, without any serious or fatal cases. The male to female ratio was 2.2: 1, the incidence of men and women was significantly different (P <0.05). There were cases every month throughout the year, with the peak incidence in March-July, with a total of 1 651 cases (76.86%), the second smallest peak in November-February of the following year, with 364 cases (16.95%) and August-October The least cases. The case report was the youngest only 2 days, the largest 18 years old, of which the highest incidence of ≤ 5 years old, a total of 2 066 cases, accounting for 96.18%. A total of 698 cases were found in Huaiyuan Town, a neighboring township, with significant differences among all regions and 32.50% in Huaiyuan Township. There were less cases in Weidian Town, accounting for 3.03%. 338 confirmed cases, accounting for 15.74%, 1 809 clinical cases, accounting for 84.22%, 1 case of suspected cases. There were 313 cases (14.57%) of EV71, 21 cases (0.98%) of Cox A16 and 4 cases of other intestinal diseases. Conclusion The HFMD of Xiaochang County in 2011-2015 has obvious seasonal, gender and age differences. It is of great practical significance to strengthen the monitoring of HFMD in key populations (children under 5 years old) and the prevention and control of diseases by the mission.