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为追求知识产权利益最大化,美国的域外知识产权保护始终处于扩张之中。美国不断追逐有效的知识产权国际论坛,从联合国教科文组织到世界知识产权组织、世界贸易组织和最近的《反假冒贸易协议》,采取的论坛选择策略包括论坛加入或退出、论坛转移和新论坛构建等,意图在于把不断提高的国内知识产权保护实质地延伸至全球领域。为支持其论坛选择政策,美国交互采取单边、双边和多边贸易措施,包括“特别301”、自由贸易协议和WTO的争端解决机制。持续推动美国域外知识产权保护的力量来自其跨国公司,支撑其论坛选择政策的是美国的实用主义哲学。对美国域外知识产权扩张历程及其论坛选择政策的考察,有助于人们认识知识产权全球化的实质,正视其内在冲突,把握其合理方向,理解知识产权国际保护不应是一国知识产权制度的无条件延伸,从而有助于我国吸收相关经验与教训,在知识产权对外交往中采取更有针对性和前瞻性的应对之策。
In pursuit of maximizing the interests of intellectual property rights, the protection of intellectual property outside the United States has always been in the process of expansion. The United States continues to chase effective international forums on intellectual property rights. From UNESCO to the World Intellectual Property Organization, the World Trade Organization and the recent anti-counterfeiting trade agreement, the forum selection strategies include forums for joining or leaving the forums, forum transfers and new forums Construction, etc. The intention is to extend the protection of the growing domestic intellectual property to virtually the global realm. In support of its forum-selection policy, the United States interacts with unilateral, bilateral and multilateral trade measures, including the “Special 301”, free trade agreements and WTO dispute settlement mechanisms. The power to sustain the promotion of the extraterritorial protection of intellectual property in the United States comes from its multinational corporations. The pragmatism philosophy that supports the forum’s policy of choice is the United States. The investigation of the expansion of intellectual property outside the United States and its policy of forum selection can help people understand the essence of globalization of intellectual property, face up to its inherent conflicts, grasp its reasonable direction, and understand that the international protection of intellectual property should not be the intellectual property system of a country This will help our country to absorb relevant experiences and lessons and take a more targeted and forward-looking response in the field of intellectual property’s foreign relations.