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追偿制度表述概括模糊、缺乏细化、难以操作、举证责任规则缺失、追偿范围过于狭窄、人情因素的干扰等是我国国家赔偿追偿率过低的重要原因。目前,我国追偿主体的最优选择是检察机关,但由于《国家赔偿法》已经明确规定追偿主体是赔偿义务机关,因此只能加强检察机关对国家赔偿追偿的监督,待理论界和实务界对检察机关行使国家赔偿费用追偿权形成共识时,再立法改由检察机关行使。应当规定追偿主体的举证证明标准直接适用刑事诉讼“排除合理怀疑、内心高度确信”的证明标准。另外,应当去除国家追偿的地方标准和行业标准,实行追偿标准的全国统一,由全国人大及其常委会以法律的形式统一制定追偿标准。
The main reason for the state compensation recovery rate in our country is the sum of vagueness, lack of refinement, difficulty in operation, lack of the rules of the burden of proof, the narrow scope of the recovery, and the interference of human factors. At present, the optimal choice of the subject of recovery in China is the procuratorial organ. However, since the State Compensation Law has clearly stipulated that the subject of recovery is the organ of obligation of compensation, it can only strengthen the supervision of the procuratorial organs on the recovery of state compensation. When procuratorial organs exercise the right of recovering state compensation fees to form a consensus, the procuratorial organs shall exercise the power of exercising legislative power instead. It should be provided that the main evidence of the burden of proof prove that the direct application of criminal prosecution “reasonable suspicion excluded, highly confident ” standard of proof. In addition, local standards and industry standards for recovery by the state should be removed and the national unification of the recovery standards should be implemented. The NPC and its standing committee should formulate unified recovery standards in the form of laws.