The present study investigated the association between pre-treatment with a cholesterol-lowering drug(statin)or new setting hereon and the effect on the mortality rate in patients with acute ischemic stroke who received intravenous systemic thrombolysis.During a 5-year period(starting in October 2008),542 consecutive stroke patients who received intravenous systemic thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rt-PA)at the Department of Neurology,University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein,Campus Lübeck,Germany,were included.Patients were characterized according to statins.The primary endpoint was mortality;it was assessed twice:in hospital and 3 months after discharge.The secondary outcome was the rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage.Of the 542 stroke patients examined(mean age 72 ± 13 years;51％women,mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score 11),138 patients(25.5％)had been pre-treated with statin,while in 190 patients(35.1％)statin therapy was initiated during their stay in hospital,whereas 193(35.6％)never received statins.Patients pre-treated with statin were older and more frequently had previous illnesses(arterial hypertension,diabetes mellitus and previous cerebral infarctions),but were comparably similarly affected by the stroke(NIHSS 11 vs.11;P = 0.76)compared to patients who were not on statin treatment at the time of cerebral infarction.Patients pretreated with statin did not differ in 3-month mortality from those newly treated to a statin(7.6％vs.8％;P = 0.9).Interestingly,the group of patients pretreated with statin showed a lower rate of in hospital mortality(6.6％vs.17.0;P = 0.005)and 3-month mortality(10.7％vs.23.7％;P = 0.005)than the group of patients who had no statin treatment at all.The same effect was seen for patients newly adjusted to a statin during the hospital stay compared to patients who did not receive statins(3-month mortality:7.1％vs.23.7％;P＜ 0.001).With a good functional outcome(mRS ≤ 2),60％of patients were discharged,the majority(69.6％;P＜ 0.001)of whom received a statin at discharge.The rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages in the course of cranial computed tomography was independent of whether the patients were pretreated with a statin or not(8.8％vs.8.7％,P = 0.96).Pre-treatment with statin as well as new adjustment could reveal positive effect on prognosis of intravenous thrombolyzed stroke patients.Further investigations are required.The study was approved by the Ethic Committee of the University of Lübeck(approval No.4-147).