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脾脏 脾是人体的重要器官,过去曾被很多人认为是退化的器官。脾在胎儿期为造血器官之一,生后脾只产生淋巴细胞和单核细胞。脾具有吞噬功能,可从血液中清除异物、细菌颗粒及退化的细胞。脾又产生抗体,为人体重要的免疫器官。 脾的结构分为白髓和红髓。白髓即淋巴滤泡围绕小动脉的部份,靠髓鞘外层产生各种免疫物质。红髓含有Billroth索及由网织内皮细胞排列形成丰富的血窦。脾的功能相当于精细滤器。血窦血管直径1～5微米,流经索问的红细胞必须变形挤过狭窄的缝隙。血液通过血窦流向脾静脉时血流很慢,仅300毫升/分。一切异常红细胞(遗传性球形Rbc、变性Hb,Heinz小体、Howell Jolly小体、Cabot环)失去其天然的顺应性或细胞膜表面带有免疫抗体而被巨噬细胞识别,将在血窦中被扣押和吞噬。脾同样也破坏带有抗体的血小板,脾是血细胞的坟墓。
Spleen Spleen is an important organ of the body, in the past has been considered by many as a degenerative organ. Spleen in the fetus as one of the hematopoietic organs, after birth, spleen produces only lymphocytes and monocytes. Spleen with phagocytic function, can remove foreign bodies from the blood, bacterial particles and degenerative cells. Spleen and produce antibodies, the body\'s important immune organs. Spleen structure is divided into white pulp and red pulp. White pulp that lymphoid follicles around the part of the arterioles, relying on the outer layer of myelin produce a variety of immune substances. Red pulp contains Billroth cable and reticuloendothelial cells arranged to form a rich sinusoid. The function of the spleen is equivalent to a fine filter. Sinus vascular diameter of 1 to 5 microns, red blood cells that flow through the cable must be squeezed through the narrow gap. Blood flow through the sinusoids to the splenic vein when the blood flow is very slow, only 300 ml / min. All abnormal erythrocytes (heredobular Rbc, denatured Hb, Heinz bodies, Howell Jolly bodies, Cabot rings) are lost to their native compliance or are recognized by macrophages with immune antibodies on the surface of the cell membrane, Seized and swallowed The spleen also destroys antibody-bearing platelets, and the spleen is the grave of blood cells.