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利用人工降雨模拟器,设计不同降雨强度和土地利用方式的区组实验,定量研究了黄土丘陵区雨强和土地利用对降雨产流和蓄积的影响。结果表明:不同雨强对土地利用平均径流系数呈极显著的正效应,雨强与径流系数呈负指数函数关系;不同雨强对土地利用平均蓄积系数也有显著的影响,雨强为1.97、2.14、2.46、2.94和3.75mm.min-1条件下,土地利用平均蓄积系数分别为0.73、0.62、0.58、0.55和0.44;不同雨强平均径流系数为林地>耕地>栽培草地>天然草地;林地、天然草地、栽培草地和耕地的降雨蓄积系数分别为0.44、0.68、0.66和0.55。在黄土丘陵生态脆弱区草地具有良好的降雨蓄积效果,同时表明林冠层、灌木层和枯枝落叶层对降雨的截留、阻滞和削弱具有显著功效。
By using artificial rainfall simulator, the block experiment with different rainfall intensities and land use patterns was designed to quantitatively study the effects of rainfall intensity and land use on rainfall runoff and accumulation in the loess hilly region. The results showed that different rainfall intensity had a significant positive effect on average runoff coefficient of land use. Rainfall intensity and runoff coefficient showed a negative exponential function. Different rainfall intensity also had a significant effect on average land use accumulation coefficient, with rainfall intensity of 1.97 and 2.14 , 2.46,2.94 and 3.75mm.min-1, the average land use accumulation coefficients were 0.73, 0.62, 0.58, 0.55 and 0.44, respectively. The average runoff coefficients of different rainfall intensity were forest land> cultivated land> cultivated grassland> natural grassland; Rainfall accumulation coefficients of natural grassland, cultivated grassland and cultivated land were 0.44, 0.68, 0.66 and 0.55 respectively. The grassland in the ecologically fragile area of Loess Plateau has good rainfall accumulation, and shows that forest canopy layer, shrub layer and litter layer have significant effect on rainfall interception, retardation and weakening.