第四讲技术定价及其策略1 技术定价的基础技术是市场经济中流通的一种特殊商品,无论从供求关系还是从价格形式方面,它不存在同其它商品同样的规律性。就商品的定价而言,一般商品都是以价值为基础,即用成本加利润的公式而形成计算模型。然而,作为商品出售的技术,它的产生并不存在线性的过程,因为没有任何一项技术是在完全独立的过程中创造出来的,它都是人类不断继承和创新的过程,而在创新活动中,有来源于付出较大代价的研究与开发过程,有的则来源于经验的结晶,有的则来源于巧妙的构想,其成本投入是千差万别的。但是这些成果的成本高低,同它们在社会上发挥的经济效益不成正比。国际技术贸易的经验和国内技术市场的实践表明,在技术交易中,买卖双方通常是以技术商品应用于生产后带来的实际经济效益或预计经济效益,作为议价的主要依据。这种议价原则,实际上就是把技术的使用价值 Lecture 4: Pricing and Strategies of Technology 1 The basic technology of technology pricing is a special commodity that circulates in the market economy. It does not have the same regularity as other commodities in terms of supply and demand or price. As far as the pricing of commodities is concerned, general commodities are based on value, that is, they use a cost plus profit formula to form a calculation model. However, as a technology for the sale of goods, there is no linear process for its production, because no one technology is created in a completely independent process. It is a process of continuous human inheritance and innovation, and it is an innovative activity. Among them, there is a process of research and development that comes from paying a relatively high price, and some are derived from the crystallization of experience, while others come from clever ideas, and their cost inputs are very different. However, the cost of these results is not directly proportional to the economic benefits they exert in society. The experience of international technology trade and the practice of domestic technology markets show that in technology trading, buyers and sellers usually rely on the actual economic benefits or projected economic benefits brought about by the application of technical commodities after production, as the main basis for bargaining. This kind of bargaining principle is actually using the value of technology.