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1927年秋,苏联出现了粮食收购危机。粮食收购危机对国家的政治、经济生活都产生了重大影响,开启了以斯大林为首的联共(布)中央多数派同以布哈林、李可夫为首的“右倾反对派”之间围绕国家发展道路问题展开的争论。在争论过程中,布哈林、李可夫等坚持要继续执行新经济政策,而以斯大林为首的联共(布)中央多数派看到,由于国内外形势发生的变化,继续执行新经济政策会放缓国家的工业化进程,可能导致联共(布)丧失国家领导权,主张通过农业集体化来保证工业化的完成。最后斯大林战胜了布哈林,苏联终止了新经济政策,开始了斯大林模式的社会主义建设时代。斯大林的社会主义建设模式的确立,除了斯大林在党内的特殊地位外,与当时的社会主义理论、当时的特殊经济环境都密不可分。更主要的是布哈林的理论自身存在缺陷,无法解决当时需要解决的迫切问题,难以得到认同。
In the autumn of 1927, a food crisis occurred in the Soviet Union. The crisis of grain purchase had a significant impact on the political and economic life of the country. It opened up a strategic dialogue between the majority communist party headed by Stalin and the “rightist opposition” led by Bukharin and Likov. The debate on the road to development. In the course of the debate, Bukharin, Li Kefu and others insisted on the continued implementation of the new economic policy. However, the Central Party’s majority led by Stalin saw that due to the changes in the situation at home and abroad, the new economic policy will continue to be implemented Slowening the process of industrialization in the country may result in the Communist Party (Bolshevik) losing state leadership and advocating the completion of industrialization through agricultural collectivization. Finally, Stalin defeated Bukharin, the Soviet Union terminated the new economic policy and started the Stalinist era of socialist construction. The establishment of Stalin’s socialist construction model, except for Stalin’s special role within the party, was closely linked to the then-socialist theory and the special economic environment of that time. What is more important is that Bukharin’s theory itself has flaws and can not solve the urgent problems that need to be solved at that time and is difficult to be identified.