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目的分析温州市早产儿体格发育特点,为制定早产儿干预方案提供依据。方法收集温州市2013年10月1日—2015年9月30日出生的3 625例早产儿和78 981名足月儿0~2岁期间主要体格指标(体重、身长、头围),比较早期和晚期早产儿生长水平、生长速度与足月儿的差异。结果早期和晚期早产儿出生体重、出生身长均低于足月儿(P<0.05)。24月龄时早期早产男婴体重仍低于足月儿(P<0.05),晚期早产男婴和早、晚期早产女婴的体重在24月龄时与足月儿已接近(均P>0.05);24月龄时早期和晚期早产男婴身长仍低于足月儿(均P<0.05),而24月龄时早期和晚期早产女婴与足月儿身长已接近(均P>0.05);晚期早产女婴的头围在12月龄时与足月儿相接近(P>0.05),早期早产女婴和早、晚期早产男婴的头围在18月龄时与足月儿接近(均P>0.05)。两组早产儿及足月儿各项体格指标的增长速度总体趋势一致,0~8月龄期间早产儿各项指标的增长速度高于足月儿。结论温州市早产儿在体重追赶上存在出生胎龄差异,身长追赶存在性别差异。早产儿作为儿童早期发展的重点干预对象,地区性干预方法的制定、实施和运用应基于当地早产儿生长规律特点。
Objective To analyze the physical development characteristics of preterm infants in Wenzhou and provide the basis for formulating intervention programs for premature infants. Methods The main physical indexes (body weight, body length and head circumference) of 3 625 preterm infants and 78 981 full-term infants born in Wenzhou from October 1, 2013 to September 30, 2015 were collected. The difference of growth level, growth rate and full-term children in late preterm children. Results The birth weight and birth length of early and late preterm infants were all lower than those of full-term infants (P <0.05). At 24 months of age, the body weight of infants born in early preterm birth was still lower than that in term infants (P <0.05). The body weight of infants born in late preterm birth and early and late infants was similar to that of term infants at 24 months of age (all P> 0.05 ); The babies born in early and late preterm birth at 24 months old were still lower than those in full term (all P <0.05) (P> 0.05). The head circumference of early preterm baby boys and early and late preterm baby boys were similar to full-term boys at 18 months of age All P> 0.05). The overall trend of the growth rate of various physical indexes of preterm and full-term infants in both groups was the same. The growth rate of each index of premature infants in 0 ~ 8 months was higher than that of full-term infants. Conclusions There is a difference in gestational age at birth in catch-up of preterm infants in Wenzhou City, and there is gender difference in catch-up of length. Premature children as early childhood development focus of intervention, regional intervention methods for the development, implementation and application should be based on the growth characteristics of local preterm children.