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本章讲述了“什么是文学”这个文学理论首要的和基本的问题。对这个问题从三个层次来探讨;第一个层次,论述文学是社会生活的反映,着重弄清文学和其它意识形态的共同本质;第二个层次,论述文学是社会生活的审美反映,着重探讨文学区别于科学和其它意识形态的特征;第三个层次,论述文学是语言的艺术,着重探讨作为一种艺术的文学与其它艺术的区别。在讲述上述三个层次的问题时,突出地讲到了文学的源泉问题、文学的审美特质问题,形象性问题、真实性问题和典型性问题。
This chapter tells the first and basic questions of what is literary theory. The first level discusses the literature as a reflection of social life, focusing on the common essence of literature and other ideologies. The second level discusses the literature as the aesthetic reflection of social life, focusing on Explores the characteristics of literature different from science and other ideologies; the third level discusses the literature as the art of language, focusing on the difference between literature as an art and other arts. When it comes to the above-mentioned three levels of issues, it highlights the source of literature, the aesthetic qualities of literature, the image, the question of authenticity and the typical issues.