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按照目前美国实行的正常婴儿和小儿主动免疫的程序,要求在15月龄时接种麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹疫苗(MMR),18月龄时接种第4次白喉、破伤风和百日咳菌苗(DTP)及第3剂口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗(OPV),由于这3种疫苗同时接种的安全性和有效性尚未证实,因此,小儿在出生第2年内需去接种机构接种2次。近年,美国进行了一项大规模随机双盲试验,使委员会有足够的资料提出,≥15月龄小儿需要接种MMR,DTP和OPV者可同时接种3种疫苗。
According to the current U.S. procedures for the active immunization of infants and children, measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) is required at 15 months of age and the fourth diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine (DTP) at 18 months of age ) And the third oral OPV. As the safety and efficacy of simultaneous vaccination of the three vaccines have not been confirmed, the infants need to go to vaccination twice a year for the second year of life. In recent years, the United States conducted a large-scale randomized double-blind trial that gave the committee enough information to suggest that MMR should be administered to children ≥ 15 months of age and that both DTPs and OPVs should be vaccinated simultaneously.